Concept of Serverless Computing

Technology is changing at breakneck speed. New concepts are coming in and old concepts are transforming. As a result, there is a lot of shift in the way people work with these technological advancements. And there is one technology that every developer should look is serverless computing. It is a buzz now, all Information technology firms are looking to cram into their organizations. Because it offers plenty of advantages that clearly bring a new set of opportunities.

Serverless will fundamentally change how we build a business around technology and how you code – Simon Wardley

What is Serverless computing?

Everyone thinks the term ‘Serverless’ means not having servers, but it is not like that. The serverless computing means that everyone can build and run application and services without thinking about servers and its implementation and management. So, it is clear that serverless computing has servers but users and developers are unaware of it.

With this fascinating technology, you can build and maintain any type of application and scale it with high availability. Whereas, Serverless computing is implemented on the Serverless architectures which are provided by different vendors such as AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions, OpenWhisk, etc.

How Serverless architecture works?

Serverless architecture mainly consists of applications that depend on the services provided by vendors. There are two different serverless services used by vendors:

1.Back-end as a service

Back-end as a service is the cloud computing model works that provide developers to connect web and mobile applications to cloud via Application Programming Interface. This acts as a middleware connect between the front-end to cloud back-end. Here developers don’t require to think about back-end, because it is served as service by the provider.

2.Functions as a service

Building an application using this model is one way of achieving a serverless architecture that is mainly used when building microservice applications. Here developers only depend on a block of code or business logic that is executed when it is required. This service totally avoids the complexity of building and maintaining the infrastructure. This service also costs as ‘Pay-as-you-go’.

Why Serverless computing?

The prior technology offers many drawbacks compared to the new serverless technology.

• The applications were written and run on servers that are fixed resources, due to this it cannot handle the on-demand traffic when the requests heavily poured in.
• Most of the time CPU remains idle because the server is busy with networking and I/O requests.

Serverless Computing vendors

AWS Lambda, introduced by Amazon in 2014, was the first public cloud vendor with an abstract serverless computing offering. AWS Lambda initially supported only Node.js. It now supports Python, Java, C# and Go, and code written in other languages can be invoked indirectly via Node.js.

Google Cloud Platform offers Google Cloud Functions, which supports Node.js by now.

IBM has published OpenWhisk as an open source serverless platform. OpenWhisk includes native support for Node.js, Python, Java, and Swift, and supports other languages and runtime via Docker containers.

Microsoft Azure offers Azure Functions, which is offered both in the Azure public cloud or on-premises via Azure Stack.

How developers benefit from serverless computing?

Developers can choose freedom with the serverless computing, it has a lot of benefits for coders and programmers. They can build an application without worrying about the infrastructure of the platforms. Developers can focus on their core product and spent time on producing better quality products. They can absolutely avoid worrying about managing and operating servers or runtimes on cloud or on-premises. It is the duty of the providers to automate the infrastructure tasks from the context of the developers.

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What are Botnets ? How do they works.?

Botnets have become one of the biggest threats to security systems today. Their growing popularity among cybercriminals comes from their ability to infiltrate almost any internet-connected device, from DVR players to corporate mainframes.

Botnets are also becoming a larger part of cultural discussions around cyber security. Facebook’s fake ad controversy and the Twitter bot fiasco during the 2016 presidential election worry many politicians and citizens about the disruptive potential of botnets. Recently published studies from MIT have concluded that social media bots and automated accounts play a major role in spreading fake news.

The use of botnets to mine cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin is a growing business for cyber criminals. It’s predicted the trend will continue, resulting in more computers infected with mining software and more digital wallets stolen.

Aside from being tools for influencing elections and mining cryptocurrencies, botnets are also dangerous to corporations and consumers because they’re used to deploy malware, initiate attacks on websites, steal personal information, and defraud advertisers.

It’s clear botnets are bad, but what are they exactly? And how can you protect your personal information and devices? Step one is understanding how bots work. Step two is taking preventative actions.

How Do Botnets Work?

To better understand how botnets function, consider that the name itself is a blending of the words “robot” and “network”. In a broad sense, that’s exactly what botnets are: a network of robots used to commit cyber crime. The cyber criminals controlling them are called botmasters or bot herders.

Size Matters

To build a botnet, botmasters need as many infected online devices or “bots” under their command as possible. The more bots connected, the bigger the botnet. The bigger the botnet, the bigger the impact. So size matters. The criminal’s ultimate goal is often financial gain, malware propagation, or just general disruption of the internet.

Imagine the following: You’ve enlisted ten of your friends to call the Department of Motor Vehicles at the same time on the same day. Aside from the deafening sounds of ringing phones and the scurrying of State employees, not much else would happen. Now, imagine you wrangled 100 of your friends, to do the same thing. The simultaneous influx of such a large number of signals, pings, and requests would overload the DMV’s phone system, likely shutting it down completely.

Cybercriminals use botnets to create a similar disruption on the internet. They command their infected bot army to overload a website to the point that it stops functioning and/or access is denied. Such an attack is called a denial of service or DDoS

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Capacitive V/S Resistive Touchscreens .

Around some years the craze of using a touchscreen smartphones and tablets had increased rapidly due to it many companies had started making many types of touchscreen for customers to use the smartphones easily. But sometimes people get confused on which screen should they opt for either the Capacitive one or the Resistive one today we are going to tell some key difference between both the screen and,  How those screen works.?

Capacitive

Although the capacitive screen had come in 1960s but, it boosts the market in 2007 with Apple iPhone. Now  most of the devices such as Apple's iPad, some of the Samsung Galaxy Series smartphones and Amazon Kidle Fire. The Capacitive screens are based on the principle of Capacitance, a measure of electric charge.

• How it Works  ....?

               Capacitive Screen sense the tiny amount of electric charge on your skin that is produced when your finger interacts with the screen's electric field.  The glass screen often has an oil-resistance coating. When you touch the top glass of the capacitive touch screen the capacitance of the area you touched increases. Grids of wires and electrodes below the top glass detects precisely where that increases if. Super speedy microcontrollers translate the location into inner workings and the device to make it response appropriately.

There is an advantage of using the capacitive touch screen is It registers multiple touches at once.

And there is a disadvantage also of using a capacitive screen is that, It doesn't work with gloves, fingernails or other objects that don't have a charge similiar to a finger.

Resistive

Most of the screen now a days use this technology in  screens, like ATMs, hand-held video games, in-car screen and smartphones still do. Its easy to tell by just seeing the image below.

                        

• How it works..??

Two thin layers usually made of tough plastics are held apart by tiny transparent spacers. Electricity run across the two layers . When the screen is pressed, it forced the top layer against the bottom layer, and the sensor detects where the two meets.

Some advantage of using resistive screen is that It can be pressed with anything like, gloves, nails fingers anything.

And there is also one disadvantages of using resistive screen is It is less responsive that capacitive screen as it requires pressure rather than just proximity , It cant recognize multiple touches, and sliding and dragging aren't as smooth.

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What is SEO, And 5 ways to increase the ranking of your site.

SEO stands for "Search Engine Optimization " that means how to optimize your websites according to the results of search engines. For better understanding of how does and SEO works click on link to understand here in this post we will basically talk only about the 5 ways by which we can increase the SEO of a blog or a website.

LINK   -->>     WHAT IS SEO...?

Five Ways to Improve your Site's Ranking (SEO)

Follow these suggestions, and watch your website rise the ranks to the top of search-engine results.

1. Publish Relevant Content

Quality content is the number one driver of your search engine rankings and there is no substitute for great content. Quality content created specifically for your intended user increases site traffic, which improves your site’s authority and relevance.

Identify a keyword phrase for each page. Think about how your reader might search for that specific page (with phrases like “mechanical engineering in Michigan,” “best applied physics program,” or “Michigan Tech degrees”). Then, repeat this phrase several times throughout the page—once or twice in the opening and closing paragraphs, and two to four more times throughout the remaining content.

Don’t forget to use bold, italics, heading tags, and other emphasis tags to highlight keyword phrases, but don’t overdo it.

Never sacrifice good writing for SEO. The best pages are written for the user, not for the search engine.

2. Update Your Content Regularly

You’ve probably noticed that we feel pretty strongly about content. Search engines do, too. Regularly updated content is viewed as one of the best indicators of a site’s relevancy, so be sure to keep it fresh.

3. Metadata

When designing your website, each page contains a space between the <head> tags to insert metadata, or information about the contents of your page. If you have a CMS site, the UMC web team will have pre-populated this data for you:

• Title MetadataTitle metadata is responsible for the page titles displayed at the top of a browser window. It is the most important metadata on your page. For those with a CMS website, the web team has developed an automated system for creating the meta title for each webpage.
• Description MetadataDescription metadata is the textual description that a browser will use in your page search return. Think of it as your site’s window display—a concise and appealing description of what is contained within, with the goal of encouraging people to enter.
• Keyword MetadataKeyword metadata are the search phrases that people type when they want to find your page. You’ll want to include a variety of phrases. However, don’t get greedy: if your list becomes excessive, the browser may completely ignore the data. As a general rule, try to keep it to about 6-8 phrases with each phrase consisting of 1-4 words. A great example would be "computer science degree."

4. Have a link-worthy site

Focus on creating relevant links within the text. Instead of having “click here” links, try writing out the name of the destination. “Click here” has no search engine value beyond the attached URL, whereas “Michigan Tech Enterprise Program” is rich with keywords and will improve your search engine rankings as well as the ranking of the page you are linking to.

5. Use alt/meta tags

Always describe your visual and video media using alt tags, or alternative text descriptions. They allow search engines to locate your page, which is crucial—especially for those who use text-only browsers.

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Want to Know how can you hide your personal files into an Image in Linux.

Now a days everyone has some of his personal stuffs that he didn't want to share with anyone neither with his parents nor with his friends or with anyone. So if you have want your personal files not come in any hand then best idea is to hide that file into an image rather than hiding it by using the traditional methods.
So now i am going to tell you some steps by following which you can easily hide your personal files into an image.

Step 1: Get an image in which you want to hide your file and the file at one place , Let us assume        that  you have placed it in your desktop.
Step 2: Make a ZIP File at the same location where you have placed your image and the personal file. At the same location i had said so that it will be easy for you to manage. I assume that you have    choosen the desktop.
Step 3: Open the terminal and move to that location you have kept the file.
Step 4: Now type the following command.
            cat "your image file " "your binding data" >  " the new data you want to make"
Step 5: And press enter. thats if your are done you file has been created at the same location you are performing the operation.

Now if you want to get you files back from the image in which you had hidden it.
just type the following command.

"unzip "name of file you want to unzip".

and press enter.

Now for better understanding you can watch the video given below.

                                                                                                                                                               

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How to install nmap in Kali Linux and Windows.

Nmap ("Network Mapper") is a free and open source (license) utility for network discovery and security auditing. Many systems and network administrators also find it useful for tasks such as network inventory, managing service upgrade schedules, and monitoring host or service uptime. Nmap uses raw IP packets in novel ways to determine what hosts are available on the network, what services (application name and version) those hosts are offering, what operating systems (and OS versions) they are running, what type of packet filters/firewalls are in use, and dozens of other characteristics. It was designed to rapidly scan large networks, but works fine against single hosts. Nmap runs on all major computer operating systems, and official binary packages are available for Linux, Windows, and Mac OS X. In addition to the classic command-line Nmap executable, the Nmap suite includes an advanced GUI and results viewer (Zenmap), a flexible data transfer, redirection, and debugging tool (Ncat), a utility for comparing scan results (Ndiff), and a packet generation and response analysis tool (Nping).
Nmap was named “Security Product of the Year” by Linux Journal, Info World, LinuxQuestions.Org, and Codetalker Digest. It was even featured in twelve movies, including The Matrix Reloaded, Die Hard 4, Girl With the Dragon Tattoo, and The Bourne Ultimatum.
Nmap is ....

• Flexible
• Powerful
• Portable
• Easy
• Free
• Well Documented
• Acclaimed
• Popular

WATCH THE VIDEO BELOW FOR GET THE BETTER UNDERSTANDING ON HOW TO INSTALL NMAP IN LINUX AND WINDOWS..

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Concept behind 3D Holographic Projection

Three-dimensional holographic projection technology is based on an illusionary technique called Peppers Ghost. It was first used in Victorian theatres across London in the 1860s. 3D holographic projection technologyclearly has a big future ahead. Holographic projection is the new wave of technology that will change how we see things in the modern era. Three-dimensional holographic projection technology will have tremendous effects on all fields of life including business, education, science, art, and healthcare.

To understand how a 3D holographic projectorworks we need to know what a hologram is. Holography is the method we use to record patterns of light. A 3D holoprojector uses holographic technology to project large-scale, high-resolution images onto a variety of different surfaces, at different focal distances, from a relatively small-scale projection device. 

 The working of holography is divided into two phases: 

1. Recording: Recording of the hologram: Basic tools required to make a hologram includes a red laser, lenses, beam splitter, mirrors and a holographic film. Holograms are recorded in a darker environment, this is to avoid the noise interference caused by other light sources.

2. Reconstruction:  A reconstruction beam of light is used to reconstruct the object wavefront.  The reconstruction beam is positioned at the same angle as the illuminating beam that was used during the recording phase.

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Everything you must know about RFID Technology.

RFID is abbreviation of Radio Frequency Identification. RFID signifies to tiny electronic gadgets that comprise of a small chip and an antenna. This small chip is competent of accumulating approx 2000 bytes of data or information. RFID devices is used as a substitute of bar code or a magnetic strip which is noticed at the back of an ATM card or credit card, it gives a unique identification code to each item. And similar to the magnetic strip or bar code, RFID devices too have to be scanned to get the details (identifying information).
A fundamental advantage of RFID gadgets above the other stated devices is that the RFID device is not required to be placed exactly near to the scanner or RFID code reader. As all of us are well aware of the difficulty which store billers face while scanning the bar codes and but obviously the credit cards & ATM cards need to be swiped all though a special card reader. In comparison to it, RFID device can function from few feet away (approx 20 feet for high frequency devices) of the scanner machine.

Functioning Principle of RFID Device:

• RFID (radio frequency identification) is a technique facilitating identification of any product or item without the requirement of any line of sight amid transponder and reader.
• RFID Structure is continuously composed of 2 main hardware components. The transponder which is located on the product to be scanned and the reader which can be either just a reader or a read & write device, depending upon the system design, technology employed and the requirement. The RFID reader characteristically comprise of a radio frequency module, a controlling unit for configurations, a monitor and an antenna ti investigate the RFID tags. In addition, a number of RFID readers are in-built with an extra interface allowing them to forward the data received to another system (control system or PC).
• RFID Tag – The actual data carrying tool of an RFID structure, in general comprise of an antenna (coupling element) and an electronic micro-chip.

Active & Passive Tags:

Before we move ahead to the working of the RFID systems let us know what active & passive RFID tags are –

RFID is a common term employed to describe a device which is employed in transferring data with the help of radio waves. RFID tags comprise of a RFID transceiver for transferring data from one system to another. There are 2 kinds of RFID tags- Active tags & Passive tags.

Passive RFID Tags:

Passive tags comprise of 3 key components, namely, an in-built chip, a substrate and an antenna. The in-built chip is also known as a circuit and is utilized to perform some precise tasks along with accumulating data. Passive RFID tags can comprise of various kinds of micro-chips depending on the structural design of a particular tag. These chips can be MO (read only) or WORM (write once chip other than read many) or RW (read write) chip. A general RFID chip is competent of accumulating 96 bits of data but some other chips have a capacity of storing 1000-2000 bits.Passive tag has an antenna which is attached to the micro-chip. This antenna is employed for transferring data using radio waves. The passive tag’s performance is reliant on the size of the antenna. In the performance of tags the shape of the antenna also plays a significant role. The third part of the tag is substrate , the substrate is a plastic coating or Mylar which is employed to unite the antenna & the chip. Passive RFID tags are smaller in size as well as cheap on pockets too.

Active RFID Tags:

Active tags comprise of same components that exists in passive tags. They too comprise of a micro-chip and an antenna but the only comparison between the two is that the size of the micro-chip in active tags is larger than passive tags’ chip. An active tag is incorporated with a built-in power supply. Maximum of the active tags make use of batteries whereas some of them work on solar cells. The inbuilt power system facilitates the tag to be used as an independent reader which is competent of transferring information devoid of outer assistance. Active RFID tags are available with some extra features such as microprocessors, serial ports & sensors. The highly developed technology in existing in active RFID tag formulates it more capable in comparison to passive tags as the active tags can be easily employed for a large array of tasks.

RFID Micro-Chip tags are basically fabricated to function at certain frequencies which are license free.

These are:

• High Frequency (HF) 13.56 MHz
• Microwave 2.45 GHz
• Ultra High Frequency (UHF) 868-930 MHz
• Low Frequency (LF) 125-135 KHz
• Microwave 5.8 GHz

How RFID Works:

The diagram below describes the fundamental working of all RFID systems. The transponder or tag can be either active of passive tag. It reacts to the signals from the reader or writer or interrogator which in turn conveys signals to the computer.

RFID Applications:

RFID technology is used in a number of industries to carry out various tasks such as:

• Asset tracking
• Inventory management
• Controlling access to confined areas
• Personnel tracking
• Supply chain management
• ID badging
• Counterfeit forestalling (e.g., in the pharmaceutical industry)

Even though RFID technology has been in used by humans ever since from World War II, the stipulate for RFID devices is rising quickly, in fact owing to orders given by the U.S. DoD (Department of Defense ) and Wal-Mart needing their suppliers to modify products to be traced by RFID technology.

RFID is also employed in a number of other things:

• The keys to unlock your car door;
• The automatic deduction of payment while using toll booths;
• Building access systems;
• Payment cards, student ID cards and even Passports
• Wireless sensors & mesh networks.

Whether RFID technology submissiveness is necessary, applications that at present make use of bar code technology are excellent options for upgrading them to a technology that brings into play RFID or some admixture of the two technologies. RFID proffers a number of advantages in contrast to the bar code, precisely the fact is that an RFID tag can store more amount of data about a particular product than a bar code can. Additionally, RFID tags are not exposed to the afflictions that may happen with bar code labels, such as breaking and blackening.

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Facebook confirms that it spies messenger data.

Facebook revealed this week that it’s scanning users’ Messenger conversations – including text chats, pictures, and links – in an effort to ensure that people play by its rules.

CEO Mark Zuckerberg first spilled the beans in an interview with Vox’s Ezra Klein, in which he brought up an incident surrounding ethnic cleansing in Myanmar, and explained that the company’s systems “detect what’s going on” when people try to send sensational messages via Messenger, and Facebook “stops those message from going through.”

The company told Bloomberg that it analyzes Messenger conversations the same way it does with public content on the social network, with a view to prevent abuse. Messages that are flagged for violating Facebook’s community standards are read by moderators, who can then block or take them down if needed. A spokeswoman said:

For example, on Messenger, when you send a photo, our automated systems scan it using photo matching technology to detect known child exploitation imagery or when you send a link, we scan it for malware or viruses. Facebook designed these automated tools so we can rapidly stop abusive behavior on our platform.

The revelation will rightly irk many users of the platform who may have previously believed that Messenger was truly private. For what it’s worth, the company says it doesn’t analyze chats to gather data that it can sell to advertisers.

While it’s easy to say this is just another reason to ditch Facebook, it’s worth considering how the lack of oversight on such communication platforms could be harmful. In India, where Facebook-owned WhatsApp counts more than 200 million users on its encrypted messaging service, fake news, political propaganda, and other forms of misinformation frequently spread like wildfire as they do the rounds in chat groups.

The news follows Facebook’s recent privacy scandal, which saw some 87 million users’ personal information scooped up without their knowledge by a data analytics firm. Some 560,000 users in India were among those millions, having being roped in by just 335 people who used a quiz app called ‘thisisyourdigitallife’ between 2013 and 2015. In light of these incidents, Facebook went so far as to say that most of its two billion users should assume that their data has been compromised in some way.

So, should you ditch Messenger? If you’re only looking to chat with people you know, you have a bunch of options to choose from that are more private, including Signal and Telegram. But if you use Facebook to make friends with people on the platform, just know that your conversations are being monitored.

Update (April 6, 2018): Facebook issued the following statement concerning its scanning of Messenger conversations:

Keeping your messages private is the priority for us, we protect the community with automated systems that detect things like known images of child exploitation and malware. This is not done by humans. We do not listen to your voice and video calls.

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